????????????????????????.?????????????????:(1)?VOC(?????????);(2)?FA??FA(???????);(3)?DS(????????);(4)?EH(?????);(5)?PFOS?PFOA(??????????????????);(6)?AOX(?????????),???????????????????,????????????????????????:(1)?????????????????????????;(2)????????;(3)?????????.

??????????????
   ??????????????????????,???????????,??????????.??????,??????????????450?t,???100???,?1.6????,?????430?t??.????????,??????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????,????????????????,???????.

   ????????????????????????,????????????????????18??3000???.?????????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????,????????????????????????????????. 

1??????????????
   ??????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,????????????,???????????????,???????????:
(1)?VOC(?????????);
(2)?FA??FA(???????);
(3)?DS(????????);
(4)?EH(?????);
(5)?PFOS?PFOA(??????????????????);
(6)?AOX(?????????).???????????????????????,????????????????????,???????VOC?FA?DS?AOX?EH?PFOS?PFOA.

1.1?VOC
   VOC??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(????)?,???????????????????,???????????VOC??,????????????VOC??????CleanAirAct,?????????VOC??.

   ???????VOC???????,??????????,??????????????????????????????.???????VOC?????????????????????????(???????)???????,??20?????????????0.01kPa????????.???????????????,?????????????240??????????,??VOC???????,?????????????.??????????VOC??????,????????????????????35%~65%,VOC????????????,??????????,??VOC?????35%~65%???4%~6%,?????(??????????)?????????,???????????????????,???????????????????,???????????????.??????VOC????????????????????????VOC??,??????????(????)??????.

     ???????CHT???Tubivis ECO 650?Tubivis ECO400,????????????,?????????????????????????????????,???????????.????????????VOC???????????,???????VOC????????. 

1.2?FA??FA
   ?????????(FA)???,???????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????.??????,????????????????????(????<75?0-6)????????????????,????????????????????????????????????.???????,????????,??????????????????. 

1.3?DS
    DS?????????,???????,?????????-20?,???????????.????????????????????,?????????????????,??????????????74?,?????????????135?,????????110??,??????????????????.??????????,???????????????,????,???????????????????????,?????????????. 

1.4?EH
   ??????????70?????(EH)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????26?,??????????37%.???????????????????:
(1)????;
(2)??????;
(3)???????????????;
(4)?????????????.

   ???????????????????,?????????????,???????????????????????????(APEO);????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,????????????????????,?150?t,?????140?t,?????,????????????????????,????????;????????????????,??????(MBT)?????(DBT)?????(TBT)?????(TeBT)???????(TCyHT)?????(MOT)?????(DOT)?????(TOT)?????(TPhT)?????(TPT)??????10???,???6????DBT?TBT?TCyHT?TOT?TPhT?TPT.?????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????.

   ???????????EH,????????,???????????????????,???????,?????,?????????????????????????????????. 

1.5?PFOS?PFOA
   PFOS?PFOA????????,???????????????,????????????????????. 

1.6?AOX
   AOX???????????????,???????????????.??AOX????????????????????(PHDDO)????????(PHDF)?????,?????????????????.??????????????AOX,????????:
(1)??????,????????????????????????;
(2)?????,?1,1,1-?????1,2-?????1,1-??????????1,3-???????????????;
(3)?????,???????TRIS??-(2,3-????)????PBB??????PBDPE???????OBDPE???????,????????10???????;??????????????;????Mitin FF?Eulan U33????N?;??????DDT??????????;???????????;?????????ASM?5,5???-2,2?????????,??????30~40?????????;
(4)??????,???????????????,????????;
(5)????. 

   ???????????????????????,???????????????????????N-??????????N-???????????(Procar DCR)?????????N-????????,???????????????,?????85%???????10%N-????????????????????????,?????,???Swellingagent G,????????????;??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????,?????????????.????,???????????,???????????????????,????EH??AOX??????????,?????????????????????

2????????APEO??????

2.1?????
   ??2003/53/EC?????2005?1?17???APEO??????????(??????),?????????APEO??,??????????????????????????,????????????????????.?????????????????????????,???????APEO??????????,???????????????????,?????????????????,???APEO????(?1),????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????.  
     ??,???????????????????????????????,????????.??????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,????????????????????????????????UN-400?UN-800?UN-408?.

2.2??????
      ??????????????(?HLB?)???????(?cmc?)?????,???????????????????(???????????6~10,????????9~10)????,?????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????,??????????,???????????????????(NPEO)??????????????(OPEO),OPEO???????NPEO.

   ??NPEO?????????80%~85%??????85%~90%,OPEO????15%???????10%~15%,????????????NPEO?OPEO?,??????????????????(DPEO)??????????????,??1%.??????APEO??????NPEO,??90%,?????????????NPEO???APEO.

2.3?????APEO?????
   ???????APEO?????????,??????2003/53/EC,?????????????????????????????????0.1%(?1 000 mg/kg)???????,????????APEO?????????,??????????????????(?????????????),??????APEO????????.

   ?????????????????APEO??????????????,???????500 mg/kg,???????100 mg/kg,?????????????APEO.?????????????????????????????,????????:
(1)?APEO???????,???????????????APEO?????????,???????APEO???,?????????APEO????????APEO?NPEO?/?OPEO??,???????????????;
(2)?????????,??????????????APEO?????,??????????APEO??????????????????.??????????,?????APEO???,????????,????????,????H&M?????????????NPEO(9)?OPEO(9)???????500 mg/kg,?NP?OP???????30 mg/kg,????24?????????????;??,??????????,APEO??????????LC/MS?????,?AP???????????GC/MS?????.

2.4??APEO??????????
   ??APEO?????????,??????,??????????????????????????,??????,?????????????????????.?????20??80????????????,??????????????????APEO???????????????,????????????????APEO,???????????,??,???????????????????PI????????????????????????,???????????????,????????APEO?????,????.

2.4.1????????10????????
   ????????10????????,??????NP-3?7?9?10,OP-8?10,TX-4?7?8?9?10?,?????????????.
 
2.4.2????????10????????
        ????????10????????,??????NP-18?30?40,TX-18?30?50?100?,???????????????.?????????????30????,??500???:
(1)????,(a)???POY???FDY??????????NP-10;(b)?????DTY????????????NP-3?7?10.
(2)????,(a)????????????NP-10?????;(b)???????????APEO??;(c)?????????????????????NP-9?10?TX-9?10??????????,????????????APEO?????APEO??????,???20%??????TX-10??5%?APEO????????,??????TX-10?APEO?P2O5?????APEO?????????????????????;(d)????????????????????APEO,??????????.

2.4.3????
   ????(???????????????????????)???APEO?????,????????????OP-9?10????????????,???????APEO???????????.

2.4.4????
   ??????????????OP-9?10??NP-9?10?.

2.4.5????
   ????[??????????????????(??????????)?]??APEO?????,??????????????????APEO????,????????APEO?????????30%~50%;????????????????????????????NPEO???????????????OP-10?K12(????????)????O????????????TX-30?40???????????????????;????????????OP-10??????,??????APEO?????(???????)??????,??????????.

2.4.6???
   ???(???????)?????????????,????????APEO???.??????????????TX-10?NP-10?LAS(????????)?6501(??????????????)????????????????????.

2.4.7????
   ??????????,????????????????????????????APEO;?????????????????????OP-9?10??NP-9?10;????????L52??APEO?;???????????????????NP-9?10????????.???APEO?????????????????????50%~60%,??,APEO????????????????.

2.5 APEO????
       ?????APEO??????,?????????????????????????,???????????,??????????????:
(1)????????,?????????????????????????????????,????????????????,?????????,????????APEO.????AEO??(???C12~C16????????)????O??(???C18????????);
(2)???????,????????????,??????,?????????,?????????????????,????????(???????).???????JFC??(???C8???????)?XL??(???C10???????)?Softanol??(???C12~C14???????)?TO??(???C13???????);
(3)?????????????,???????Span??(?S-20?40?60?65?80?)?Tween??(?T-20?40?60?80?85?);
(4)?????????????????,?AES(????????????)?K12(???????)?AOS(?-?????)?SAS(??????)?;
(5)?????(APG),????????,??????????,???,???????????TX-10????O?Span-60?Tween-20?,?????????,???????.

   ??????????????APEO,??????,????????????APEO?????????,??????????????.?????????????????????,??N-???????(AGA)??????????(FMEE)??????(AEC)?,???????,??????,???????.

3?PFOS?PFOA?????
   ?????DuPont?????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????.
   
3.1 PFOS
   PFOS??????????????????,????:         

    PFOS?????????????????????,???????????????,?????????,????????????????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????.????????????????????,???????????,????????????2mg/kg PFOS??????,??2006?12?12?????????,???PFOS??,????????????PFOS????:
(1)???????????PFOS?????????0.005%(?50?0-6);
(2)????PFOS???0.1%(?1 000?0-6);
(3)?????????PFOS????1?g/m2.?????2008?6?27?????,????????????PFOS???????.?????2001?????PFOS??????.
   PFOS????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????????????Dicguard?????????,???N-??????-N-??(???)???????,????:


   ?????????????,??????????,??????????.

3.2 PFOA
    PFOA??????????,???????,????:

      PFOA?????????,???????,???????????????????????,???????????????????????????,???3M????????Scotchguard FC-805???PFOA??????????????????.????,??????????????????PFOS??,??????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????.???????(EPA)??????????????????????????,??????,?????PFOS????????PFOA????PFOS??????,?PFOA?????????????????????.

   ??,????????????????????????????????????PFOA???,???????????,EPA????PFOA??????(?Stewardship??),???2010????????PFOA?????95%,2015??????.??,?????????????PFOS?PFOA???????,??????????PFOS?26.46mg/L?PFOA?159.83 mg/L,?????????.??????PFOS?PFOA???????????,????LC/MS?????.

  ??PFOS?PFOA?????????,????????????,?????6?.
(1)???????PFBS,?????????????:Scotchguard PM-3622?PM-3630,????????;Scotchguard PM-492?PM-930,???????;Scotchguard FC-226,??????????.??????PFOS???????,?????????.
(2)???????PFHS,???????????????:Nuva N2114 liq.????PFOA(?????20?0-9??)????????????????;Nuva N4118 liq.????PFOA?PFOS?????????;Asahiguard E-series?AG-E061?????PFOA??????????;Unidyne MultiSeries????PFOA(?????5?0-9??)?PFOS?APEO???????????.??????????????,???????????,???????????(?2). 
(3)????????,Rudolf????????????????????:Ruco-Dry??(???)?Ruco-Star??(??),?????????????????Rucostar??,?Rucostar EEE?EEN?EEW?,??????????APEO?PFOS?PFOA?????1?0-6,???????????(?????)????????????????????????????????;??(??)????????????SP-160????????????. 
(4)????????,????????????????C>25 mN/m,?????????????C?20~35 mN/m,?????????????????C?4.3~9.3 mN/m,???????????,??????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????,????PFOS?PFOA???,?????????????????.
(5)?????????(??????????Asahiguard AG-480?).
(6)?????(??????),??????????????????????????.
  
4??????SVHC
   SVHC??????????,?????????3????????300?~500????????????????????????????,?????(?????)?0.1%?????1 t????????????????,???????????????.SVHC???4???????:
(1)1??2??????????????????(CMR);
(2)????????????????(PBT);
(3)????????????????(vPvB);
(4)??????????????????,??????.

   ??REACH??(EC1907/2006)????????900??SVHC,????????11?????????????????????600?,????????1 500?SVHC.2008?6?30?????????(ECHA)??????SVHC??,???16????SVHC,??10?28?????????????????15??????????SVHC??(?3).????????????????????????????SVHC.


   4.1?????????????????????????????Ames????????????Mammal稢ells??(???????????????)?UDS(?????????DNA????)?MN(?????????)??????.??????,?????2003/34/EC?2003/36/EC??????????????????????????????????25??43?,?68?.??,???????????????SVHC????10??????CMR,???CMR????????CMR??,???????(??????????????)?2,4-????(?????????????)??????(??????????)?????????(???)?????????(???)???,?????????.??????????????????????????????????????,????????.

(1)7???????????????,???????????????????,?????????????????????????????,????????????????;????????(LAS)?????????;?(??????)??????(DHTDMAC)???????????(DSDMAC)??(??????)??????(DTDMAC)??????;??????(EDTA)?????????(DTPA)?????????????.

(2)?????(?????)???(TEPA)??-(2,3-????)???(TRIS)?????(PBB)??????(PBDPE)??????(OBDPE)?????????????????.

(3)????????2,4,4???-2??????(THDE)?2-(4????)????(TBI)?2-?????(BCA)????????????????.

(4)????24?????????,???????2,4-??????4,4????????????????????????????????LS?.

  4.2?????2005??????12???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2008?10?28?????????????SVHC??????4?PBT??????????????????C10~C13??????????????????????????????????????C10~C13???4?,??????PBT?????????,?????????.

   4.3?????????????????????PFOS?PFOA????????????????????????????????,?????????,????????????????,??vPvB.??,?????????????SVHC?????????1?vPvB??????,???????????.

  4.4????????????70???????????,?????????????????,?????26?,????????????CMR?PBT?????,?????????????????3-??-1,2,4-????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????(??????????)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.

  ????,?????SVHC???????????????EH?PFOS?PFOA?AOX?FA?VOC???,?????????????????,???????????????????,??????REACH???????.
   
5??????????????????
   ?????????????????????????????,???????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,?????????????????.????????.

5.1 ???????????????????????
   ????????????????????????,???????????,????????????????,????????????.??????????????????????10?,?3,4-?????????????????,?????AOX????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.?????????????????????,???????????.
(1)????棗??g/kg(??),????4???5????????????????????,??2,3,7,8-??????????1,2,3,7,8-??????????2,3,7,8-????????2,3,4,7,8-???????.
(2)????棗??g/kg(??),????6????????????????????,??1,2,3,4,7,8-??????????1,2,3,7,8,9-??????????1,2,3,6,7,8-??????????1,2,3,4,7,8-????????1,2,3,7,8,9-????????1,2,3,6,7,8-????????2,3,4,6,7,8-???????.
(3)????棗?00?g/kg(??),????7???8????????????????????,??1,2,3,4,6,7,8-??????????1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-??????????1,2,3,4,6,7,8-????????1,2,3,4,7,8,9-????????1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-???????.
(4)????棗??g/kg(??),????4???5????????????????????,??2,3,7,8-??????????1,2,3,7,8-??????????2,3,7,8-????????2,3,4,7,8-???????.
(5)????棗??g/kg[(4)?(5)????],????4?5?6????????????????????,??2,3,7,8-??????????1,2,3,7,8-??????????2,3,7,8-????????2,3,4,7,8-????????1,2,3,7,8-????????1,2,3,4,7,8-??????????1,2,3,7,8,9-??????????1,2,3,6,7,8-?????????.????,?????????????????????4???4??????????,????????,????.

  5.2??????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????2007????,???????????CO2?????450?0-6??,??????????50%~80%,????CO2?????????.?VOC???????VOC????????????????????,???VOC?????,???8?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.???????????VOC??????,????????,????,?????????,?????????????,??????????.

   ?????????????:(1)????,??????1?;(2)?????,???????????????????????????????1-?-2,2,2-???????????????1-?-2,2-??????????1-?-2,2-??-3,3,3-??????????1,1-??-2-?-3,3,3-??????????1,1-??-3,3,3-?????1,1,1-??-3,3-?????17?;(3)?????,???????????????????????????????????????7?.
  
5.3????????
   ??Eco-label?Eco-Tex Standard 100???,?????????????????????????????????????????.

   ????????????????????????????????????:
(1)?????????????(C10~C13)??????(PBOPE)??????(OBDPE);
(2)??????????????(2,3-????)???;
(3)????????????,???????????10?,???588?????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????????97.4%??????????2.5%???????????????????1 000 mg/kg,?2007????????????????????????????,??????????????0.1%(?1 000 mg/kg).

5.4?????
   (1)???????????,??Eco-Tex Standard 100???,?????????????DBT?TBT?TPhT,?????TBT?????????0.5mg/kg?,???????1 mg/kg.??????????????????????????,?DBT?TBT?TPhT?,?????????(TCyHT)?????(TOT)?????(TPT)?,???????DBT???????1 mg/kg?,?????????,??????????,????GC/MS??;
   (2)DINP?DIDP????????,DINP?DIDP??????????????????????,?????????????????????????(?????????PVC??)???????????.??????????????,2006????????DINP?DIDP???????????????,2007?6????????(ICTI)????DINP???????????,????????Eco-TexStandard 100????6?????????????????4??DEHP[??????(2-????)]?DNOP(?????????)?BBP(???????????)?DBP(?????????),?????????????????500 mg/kg????1 000mg/kg;
   (3)?????????,2008???Eco-TexStandard 100???????????????????????,???????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????;
   (4)????????????,?????????????VOC,?????AOX,???????????????,??????????????????,???Eco-Tex Standard100???:(a)?????????????????????????????2-?????????,?????;(b)?????????????????????????1,1,1,2-?????1,1,2,2-?????????????1,1,2-?????1,1-?????1,1,1-?????.????????????????,???GC/MS??????.
??
   ????????????????????????,?????REACH???????,???????????????????????????,???????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????????.

???????, ??. ??????????????[J]. ?????, 2009, 26(3):1-4.

??

??????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????